Hello, everyone.

This is Enta.

This is a continuation of the previous post.

Construction Methods for Technical Intern Trainees (Part 1): Slope Cleaning Work

Construction Methods for Technical Intern Trainees (Part 2): Lath Installation

Framework Engineer

This is the spray-applied formwork method—the true hallmark of a slope construction specialist.

What on earth is the "spray-applied formwork method"?!

I get the feeling that not many interns really understand this.

Come to think of it, maybe Japanese people are the same? lol

I've written this in a detailed yet simple way.

If you take a moment to understand this and put it into practice, something might just change ^^

■ Performance, Functions, and Mechanisms of Spray-Applied Foam Insulation

[Structure and Mechanism of Action]

Construct a lattice-shaped reinforced concrete "slope frame" on the slope
Inside the legal framework,Place the rebar and fill the cavity with sprayed mortardo
The legal framework is structured to encircle the perimeter of the mountain.
Structures in Direct Contact with the Ground SurfaceSo, secure the topsoil on the slope across its entire surface
Intersection of Legal Frameworksor the vertical and horizontal frames are respectivelyDistribute and Transfer Loadsdo
The anchors installed at the intersections of the vertical frames and on the horizontal frames are anti-slip anchors.

[Performance and Features]

Preventing Surface Soil Slippage: Preventing shallow surface landslides (shallow landslides)
Surface Protection Function: Protects the rock mass from surface erosion and scouring caused by wind and rain
Equal Constraint: Dividing the slope into a grid pattern helps prevent localized swelling and collapse of the surface
Versatility in Construction: Can be applied to rock formations and weathered soil of moderate hardness or lower
Wastewater Treatment Capabilities (Minimum Required): By planting greenery within the frame (open-type), water is drained
Structural Continuity: The continuous, monolithic structure distributes the load over a wide area (supporting it as a whole)

[Note: The “Limits” of Spray-Applied Foam Insulation]

For deep-seated landslides and large-scale slope failures,Powerless on its own(Requires the use of reinforced earthwork)
As a general rule, there is no “reinforcement function” that directly stabilizes the slip surface underground (*Limited to surface confinement*)
In cases where the soil strength (bearing capacity) is extremely low,There is a risk that the legal framework itself could collapse or be compromised
The drainage function is limited, andInsufficient for a fundamental solution to water pressure issues

Framework Engineer

To put it more simply,

The weight of the retaining wall prevents the slope from collapsing!

That's all there is to it.

It’s easier to explain to family and friends when you know what you’re doing and how it’s structured, isn’t it? ^^

See you later.

■ Concrete Frame Spray Construction and its performance, functionality, and Mechanism

[Structure and Procedures]

On the compacted ground, a grid-shaped a concrete frame .
Place a sheet of metal inside the frame and fill the gap with mortar .
A structure that frames the outer part of the mountain surrounds the outer part of the frame.
The frame is in direct contact and the surface soil .
The frame's anchor point, the third and fourth sections are weighted form this band-shaped structure.
Tersho Bag or Jadan Binduhar Prevents the anchor from slipping in the car is not used.

[Exhibitions and Activities]

It prevented the surface soil from eroding M: "The mud on the surface of the path is wet," .
Surface Protection: Protects the eyes from water and wind .
Uniform Collection Capacity: The mesh structure helps keep the surface even and helps to create a uniform surface.
General Usage Capacity: It can be used even on can be used.
Drainage System: You can keep plants in open spaces , and it makes watering convenient.
Structural Continuity: The entire structure is read out .

[Limits]

Whether in deep waters or shallow waters, This method alone is sufficient .
It cannot cannot be stopped immediately.
The frame may sink into soft ground or break.
The water drainage capacity is limited. .

frame structure

"The frame was resting on the ground," he said. It’s mine!

That’s all there is to it. Once it becomes easy to understand, can be explained to others in a simple way. ^^

■ Performance, Function, and Mechanism of Concrete Frame Grout Injection Structures

[Structure and Operating Principles]

Construct a reinforced concrete lattice framework on the slope.
The frame is reinforced with steel and filled with mortar.
The frame is constructed to enclose the outer area of the mountainside.
The frame comes into direct contact with the ground and holds the topsoil firmly in place.
The joints and horizontal/vertical members help distribute and transfer loads.
Anti-slip pads are installed at joints or crossbars.

[Functions and Benefits]

Preventing topsoil erosion: Prevent slippage of thin soil layers.
Surface Protection: Prevents erosion caused by rain and wind.
Uniform constraint: The mesh structure distributes the load evenly, preventing bulging or sagging.
Flexible installation: It can be applied to weak geological formations or weathered rock.
Basic Drainage: You can plant the tree in a frame (open-style) to aid drainage.
Structural connections: The continuous structure helps distribute the load evenly.

[Limit]

It is not effective for deep or large-scale landslides; other methods are needed to address them.
It is not possible to reinforce deep within the ground; reinforcement is limited to the surface.
If the ground is weak, the frame may sink or become damaged.
Limited drainage capacity; cannot handle high water pressure.

concrete frame

It is the weight of the concrete frame that helps keep the slope stable!

That's all there is to it. Once you understand the principle, you'll be able to explain it easily to your family and friends. ^^

■ Construction, Use, and Mechanism of a Concrete Frame with Sprayed Mortar

[Structure and Mechanism]

A concrete grid was built along the edge of the grave.
Inside the frame, there is rebar, which is filled with mortar using a spray.
The frame wraps around the outside of the mountain's edge.
It is placed directly against the ground and prevents the topsoil from eroding.
The connections and the crossbeams distribute the load.
Anchors are installed to prevent the ground from shifting.

[Usage and Application]

To prevent surface scum from forming: Prevent shallow digging.
Top Protection: Protects against rain and wind.
Support for Pantay-pantay: Adjust the slope of the grid to prevent sudden drops.
Easy to install: It works even in poor or barren soil.
Basic Drainage: You can place a layer of soil inside the frame to allow for natural drainage.
Continuous structure: It helps distribute the weight evenly across the entire section.

[Limitations]

It is not sufficient for deep or large landslides; additional technology is needed.
It can't reach deep underground—only the surface.
If the ground is soft, the frame may sink or become damaged.
Drainage capacity is limited; it is insufficient to handle high water pressure.

concrete frame

It's the weight of the frame that's preventing the ground from collapsing!

It's really that simple. It'll be easier for you to explain this to your family and friends if you understand the principle. ^^

■ Performance, Functions, and Mechanisms of Reinforced Concrete Frame Spraying Structures

[Structure and How It Works]

A reinforced concrete lattice frame is installed on the slope.
The interior of the frame is filled with rebar and sprayed with mortar.
The framework is designed to encircle the outer edge of a hillside or mountainside.
This structure is attached directly to the ground and supports the topsoil.
The joints and the horizontal and vertical beams serve to distribute the load evenly.
Anchors are installed at the joints or sections of the beams to prevent shifting.

[Functions and Performance]

Preventing surface soil displacement: Preventing shallow landslides.
Surface protection: Protects the soil from erosion caused by rain and wind.
Even distribution: Divide the slope into small sections to prevent localized bulging or landslides.
Flexibility in implementation: It can be applied to soft soil or weathered rock.
Basic drainage: Landscaping can be done within the framework (open-type) to facilitate water flow.
Structural integrity: The integrated structure allows the load to be distributed evenly throughout the entire structure.

[Limitations]

It is not effective for deep or large avalanches; additional technology is required.
It cannot stop ground movement entirely; it only affects the surface layer.
If the soil is very weak, the frame could sink or become damaged.
Drainage capacity is limited; it is insufficient for high water pressure.

concrete frame

The weight of the concrete framework that prevents the slope from sliding!

It's simple. If you understand the structure, you can easily explain it to your family and friends. ^^

New! Enta's Slope Management Schoolis an information site dedicated to slope construction, by slope construction professionals, and for slope construction professionals.

Construction Methods for Technical Intern Trainees (Part 3): On-Site Spray Application for Formwork