{"id":42538,"date":"2020-08-27T08:00:31","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T23:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/?p=42538"},"modified":"2026-05-17T11:49:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T02:49:31","slug":"y-nghia-cua-viec-uoc-tinh-chi-phi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/vi\/cost-estimation-meaning\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n | Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Xin ch\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Enta.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42540\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/2020-08-25-17.24.37.jpg\" alt=\"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n\" width=\"375\" height=\"500\" \/>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n!! w<\/p>\n<p>Trong n\u0103m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Heisei 22, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed (c\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng Gaia), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24707\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/0cbe2242fc3278afa8df4ddee5e9fb5b.png\" alt=\"Ti\u1ec1n\" width=\"441\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (t\u00ednh to\u00e1n) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra sao.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p 1, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n khi nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tr\u00fang th\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. (C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn? w)<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh kinh t\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v.v.<\/p>\n<p>Xin h\u00e3y coi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i thi c\u00f4ng (SP) m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u00e9p gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3? Chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 hay b\u1ecb l\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb l\u1eeba m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>(N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft th\u00ec t\u1edb s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho nghe w, n\u1ebfu l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edb r\u1ea3nh th\u00ec)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xin ch\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Enta. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i! Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n!! w Th\u1ef1c ra t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m Heisei 22 r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i mua l\u1ea1i th\u00f4i.   \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan l\u1eafm\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1886,38],"tags":[75,1175,1349,2777,3785],"class_list":["post-42538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary","category-construction-management","tag-75","tag-1175","tag-1349","tag-2777","tag-3785"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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