{"id":66952,"date":"2026-09-07T08:00:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T23:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/?p=66952"},"modified":"2026-09-06T01:08:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:08:42","slug":"%e3%83%9e%e3%83%8b%e3%83%a5%e3%82%a2%e3%83%ab%e9%80%9a%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab%e8%a1%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e3%81%ae%e3%81%af%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b%e6%84%8f%e5%91%b3%e3%81%a7%e5%bd%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/id\/%e3%83%9e%e3%83%8b%e3%83%a5%e3%82%a2%e3%83%ab%e9%80%9a%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab%e8%a1%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e3%81%ae%e3%81%af%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b%e6%84%8f%e5%91%b3%e3%81%a7%e5%bd%93-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Dalam arti tertentu, wajar jika hal tersebut tidak dilakukan sesuai manual (dari Konsultan Keselamatan Kerja Sungai Dojima)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"o-noteEyecatch\" data-v-c8e27b30=\"\" data-v-62deca21=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.st-note.com\/production\/uploads\/images\/275607908\/rectangle_large_type_2_2f58a01c1cb79d9a7444bb66789ac5c4.jpeg?width=1280\" alt=\"Gambar judul\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1005\" data-v-50e2377b=\"\" data-v-c8e27b30=\"\" data-modal=\"true\" \/><\/figure>\n<div class=\"o-noteContentHeader o-noteContentText__header\" data-v-8ab879cc=\"\" data-v-62deca21=\"\">\n<div class=\"o-noteContentHeader__titleContainer o-noteContentHeader__titleContainer--font_sansserif o-noteContentHeader__titleContainer--device_windows\" data-v-8ab879cc=\"\">\n<h1 class=\"o-noteContentHeader__title\" data-v-8ab879cc=\"\">Dalam arti tertentu, wajar saja jika hal itu tidak dilakukan sesuai petunjuk<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"note-common-styles__textnote-body\" data-name=\"body\" data-v-62deca21=\"\">\n<p id=\"22ec5ee9-7940-4db3-ad3d-5971109182dd\">Dalam hal manajemen keselamatan di lokasi kerja, apakah Anda pernah melihat orang yang merasa pusing karena \u201cpara pekerja tidak mengikuti manual atau prosedur yang telah ditetapkan\u201d?<br \/>\nTidak diragukan lagi, ketika terjadi masalah atau kecelakaan, pengelola cenderung langsung berpikir, \u201cIni pelanggaran aturan\u201d atau \u201cKita harus lebih ketat dalam menerapkan prosedur.\u201d<br \/>\nNamun, dalam bidang rekayasa ketahanan, terdapat sudut pandang yang berbeda dari pendekatan yang hanya berfokus pada \u201ckegagalan\u201d semacam itu.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c8b5eefc-fd50-4e54-97c9-cab79bd52c32\">Oleh karena itu, kata kunci yang penting untuk memahami realitas di lapangan adalah \u201cWAI\u201d<strong>\u3068<\/strong>Ini adalah \u201cWAD\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"5ad05e95-e8c5-4ccb-b8dd-290738d22d89\" tabindex=\"-1\">Apa itu WAI dan WAD?<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"91eea4c4-90de-4bb0-ab73-ce89ac0e382d\">\n<li>\n<p id=\"00b9b35e-5049-4c1f-b975-9f9e86be962e\"><strong>WAI (Work-As-Imagined: Pekerjaan dalam Imajinasi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul id=\"1de88862-048f-4c11-becb-eb3bef4377a0\">\n<li>\n<p id=\"92486313-e631-4b00-80da-c118c6862be9\">Ini adalah cara kerja yang ada dalam benak para pengelola dan perancang, yang mereka anggap \u201cseharusnya seperti ini\u201d atau \u201charusnya dilakukan seperti ini\u201d.<br \/>\nIstilah ini merujuk pada kondisi yang dianggap ideal sebagaimana diatur dalam pedoman, manual, panduan, rencana, dan sejenisnya.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"b146125f-ae51-48df-bb96-fb0fcc77efc7\"><strong>WAD (Work-As-Done: Pekerjaan yang Sebenarnya)<\/strong><br \/>\nIni adalah cara kerja nyata yang benar-benar diterapkan oleh para pekerja di lapangan, sesuai dengan situasi dan kendala yang ada saat itu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"0ce85e89-4572-48e9-a49d-2c53a11591d1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"is-slide alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.st-note.com\/img\/1778642623-fnFw5XGzC1r7QpyLhZ9PDUm3.png?width=1200\" alt=\"Gambar\" width=\"620\" height=\"297\" data-modal=\"true\" \/><figcaption>Perbedaan antara WAI dan WAD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"57466d1c-2554-4419-854c-385c24eb9e7e\">Di lapangan,<strong>Hampir selalu muncul \u201ckesenjangan\u201d antara WAI (ideal) dan WAD (kenyataan)<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"26873ebc-55ea-4af1-946e-3f5f84dd415f\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mengapa kesenjangan itu muncul? \u201cPenyesuaian kinerja\u201d di lapangan<\/h3>\n<p id=\"cc6c85de-b556-45cd-9c66-b409697e6304\">Panduan (WAI) selalu disusun dengan mengasumsikan situasi standar yang telah diperkirakan sebelumnya.<br \/>\nNamun, di lapangan sebenarnya terdapat berbagai masalah seperti \u201cwaktu yang tidak mencukupi\u201d, \u201ckekurangan tenaga kerja\u201d, \u201cperalatan yang diperlukan belum lengkap\u201d, \u201ckondisi cuaca yang memburuk di luar perkiraan\u201d, dan sebagainya<strong>Kendala dan perubahan<\/strong>Itu sudah menjadi hal yang biasa.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c1cf3728-aba8-479e-af3a-c53b8672d0cf\">Para pekerja di lapangan bukanlah sedang mengabaikan aturan atau mencoba mengambil jalan pintas, melainkan\u2014di tengah berbagai kendala dan perubahan ini\u2014mereka berupaya mencapai target dan menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan cara yang fleksibel dan kreatif berdasarkan pengalaman serta pengetahuan mereka sendiri.<br \/>\nHal ini disebut \u201cpenyesuaian kinerja\u201d.<br \/>\nDengan kata lain, WAD merupakan hasil dari upaya penyesuaian yang dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh oleh pihak lapangan agar sistem dapat berfungsi, dan,<strong>Pekerjaan sehari-hari dapat berjalan lancar berkat \u201ckemampuan koordinasi\u201d di lapangan ini<\/strong>Itulah sebabnya.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"85cb4771-57de-438d-ab9c-f7736a1c4380\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bagaimana cara memanfaatkan kesenjangan tersebut dalam manajemen keselamatan?<\/h3>\n<p id=\"ef47c195-cbcc-4da6-9c08-40bab61664b5\">Dalam sistem manajemen keselamatan yang konvensional, ketika ditemukan kesenjangan antara WAI dan WAD, hal tersebut dianggap sebagai \u201cpelanggaran aturan\u201d dan dihilangkan, sehingga aturan pun semakin diperketat.<br \/>\nNamun, hal itu hanya akan menambah beban di lapangan dan tidak akan menjadi solusi yang mendasar. Pendekatan yang dibutuhkan dalam manajemen keselamatan ke depannya adalah sebagai berikut.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"e774dfda-a7c3-43b9-9b8c-113a8298919c\">\n<li>\n<p id=\"b0206bf6-7168-41b0-abe4-8ace53a5f06d\"><strong>Jangan menyalahkan kesenjangan, tetapi pahami latar belakangnya:<\/strong>\u00a0Alih-alih menyalahkan dengan bertanya, \u201cMengapa tidak mengikuti panduan?\u201d, kita justru mencari tahu dan memahami \u201cmengapa penyesuaian itu diperlukan (kendala atau batasan apa saja yang ada di lapangan)\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"e66fa0d5-9665-42e0-a6fe-411ba5ae3aea\"><strong>Menghilangkan penyesuaian yang berbahaya dan menerapkan penyesuaian yang baik:<\/strong>\u00a0Jika menemukan \u201cpenyesuaian berbahaya\u201d yang terpaksa dilakukan di lapangan, kami akan memperbaiki lingkungan yang memaksa hal tersebut terjadi (seperti kekurangan tenaga kerja atau tekanan waktu).<br \/>\nDi sisi lain,<strong>\u201cPenyesuaian yang baik (ide kreatif)\u201d yang muncul dari lapangan justru dimasukkan ke dalam pedoman (WAI), sehingga pedoman tersebut diperbarui menjadi panduan yang lebih sesuai dengan kenyataan<\/strong>Akan kami lakukan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"8dbe22fe-1343-4680-af8a-59b60fd84d0b\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"is-slide alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.st-note.com\/img\/1778642784-6LIzafiT0yMX3EeBOr7wd1Sh.png?width=1200\" alt=\"Gambar\" width=\"620\" height=\"275\" data-modal=\"true\" \/><figcaption>Perbandingan antara WAI dan WAD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"6623a2d4-0e29-4921-8ecf-cc26f0314a57\" tabindex=\"-1\">Penutup<\/h3>\n<p id=\"72117f93-d12c-4ae0-bab9-369948c86a4a\">Dengan melepaskan diri sejenak dari pola pikir bahwa \u201csesuai manual = aman\u201d dan mengalihkan perhatian pada kesenjangan antara WAI dan WAD, kita dapat melihat risiko sesungguhnya yang tersembunyi di lapangan serta kemampuan adaptasi yang unggul dan fleksibel (ketahanan) yang dimiliki oleh lapangan tersebut.<br \/>\nBagaimana jika kita menjadikan tidak hanya \u201cmenegakkan aturan\u201d, tetapi juga \u201cmengenali realitas di lapangan (WAD) dan menyesuaikannya dengan pedoman (WAI)\u201d sebagai langkah pertama dalam kegiatan keselamatan yang baru?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"break-all font-bold text-text-primary md:text-lg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/note.com\/dojimagawaohs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kantor Konsultan Keselamatan Kerja Sungai Dojima<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dalam arti tertentu, wajar jika hal-hal tidak berjalan sesuai manual. Dalam hal manajemen keselamatan di lapangan, pernahkah Anda melihat orang yang merasa pusing karena \u201cpekerja tidak bertindak sesuai manual atau pedoman prosedur\u201d? Ketika terjadi masalah atau kecelakaan, manajer sering kali langsung berkata, \u201cItu melanggar aturan,\u201d \u201cProsedurnya harus lebih ditegakkan\u2026\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[111],"tags":[14252,14517],"class_list":["post-66952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-safety","tag-14252","tag-14517"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - 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