{"id":58319,"date":"2026-02-12T08:00:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T23:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/?p=58319"},"modified":"2026-05-16T18:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T09:00:00","slug":"criteria-for-bearing-plate-unevenness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/en\/bearing-plate-unevenness-criteria\/","title":{"rendered":"I came up with some criteria for leveling uneven pressure plates!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone.<\/p>\n

This is Enta.<\/p>\n

The other day, I wrote a post on this blog about the contact area on the back of the bearing plate in ground anchor construction, but,<\/p>\n

This time,\"Is it necessary to level the unevenness on the back of the pressure plate?\"<\/strong>I'm going to write about that part.<\/p>\n

I actually get asked about this quite a lot.<\/p>\n

I often get asked, especially by construction consultants, \u201cIs grade adjustment really necessary?\u201d<\/p>\n

There are actually quite a few cases where it's pretty much necessary, lol.<\/p>\n

\"Load-bearing<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

What determines whether or not leveling is required?<\/h2>\n

First of all, is grade adjustment even necessary?It depends on where the pressure plate is installed.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

Let's organize this section.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cases Where Leveling Is Not Required<\/h3>\n

\u2460 When installing anchors on top of a formwork frame<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the case of formwork frames, the frames themselves are formed from mortar.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the pressure-bearing structure serves as the legal framework.<\/p>\n

Since the anchor will be located at the intersection of the legal framework,Leveling is generally not necessary<\/strong>That's it.<\/p>\n

However, caution is required when the angle is quite steep in the horizontal direction.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2461 When installing on a retaining wall surface<\/strong><\/p>\n

The same applies to concrete retaining walls.<\/p>\n

Since the retaining wall surface is generally flat, the pressure-bearing plate will fit snugly against it once it is placed.<\/p>\n

\"Framework<\/p>\n

*The photo shows a rebar installer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cases Where Leveling Is Required<\/h3>\n

Now, let's get down to business.<\/p>\n

\u2460 When installing directly on the ground<\/strong><\/p>\n

This is the most common scenario, but among designers, there are some who...\"The mountain will sink down a little and settle nicely, right?\"<\/strong>Actually, quite a few people think that!<\/p>\n

No way, it's not that easy, lol.<\/p>\n

The ground is actually pretty bumpy.<\/p>\n

Well, that goes without saying\u2014it\u2019s a natural mountain, after all! (No matter how much excavation we do.)<\/p>\n

It's an artificially created flat surface, but there are stones and tree roots in it...<\/p>\n

If you place the pressure plate, the underside will be uneven, causing the tension to be applied with an extremely small contact area.<\/p>\n

As I mentioned in my blog post the other day, if the contact area is small,It sinks in<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

And the worst part is...Deformation and buckling of the compression plate<\/strong>I will.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2461 When the placement angle is steep<\/strong><\/p>\n

A steep placement angle can sometimes mean that the slope angle is shallow, or vice versa.<\/p>\n

Steep slopes tend to be either rocky or have been cut away, so they\u2019re usually quite uneven. (Soft rock)<\/p>\n

Plus, because of the angle, the pressure plate tends to slip out of place. (Getting the angle right is actually pretty tough, lol.)<\/p>\n

It\u2019s uneven to begin with, and on top of that, it tends to shift\u2014that\u2019s a double whammy of a hassle, lol.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2462 When the bearing capacity of the soil is questionable<\/strong><\/p>\n

If the bearing capacity of the soil is uncertain, the contact area between the bearing plate and the soil should beEspecially important<\/strong>will be.<\/p>\n

What if the ground bearing capacity is already at its limit, and uneven ground reduces the contact area?<\/p>\n

I guess I'm out of the running now, lol.<\/p>\n

In cases like this, make sure to level the surface thoroughly and, as much as possible,Adhesion of 90% or higher<\/strong>We need to aim for that.<\/p>\n

(90% or more, taking into account calculation discrepancies)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2463 If the mountain at the installation site is missing a piece<\/strong><\/p>\n

There are actually quite a few of these, too.<\/p>\n

You know that scenario where, after drilling a hole, you look at it and think, \u201cHuh? Isn\u2019t there a chip here?\u201d or \u201cThe pressure plate sticks out, doesn\u2019t it?\u201d or \u201cIt actually sticks out on the drawing to begin with.\u201d<\/p>\n

If it's missing, that means the pressure plate is lifting up there.<\/p>\n

Since the raised areas cannot transfer force, they must be filled in during leveling.<\/p>\n

\"Pressure-receiving<\/p>\n

However, please take a look at the photo above.<\/p>\n

Only the top right corner is made of concrete, lol.<\/p>\n

This is the first time I've done leveling in my career as an anchor!<\/p>\n

They\u2019re building it by pouring concrete only into the missing sections of the mountain, but it\u2019s highly likely that it will shift out of place eventually.<\/p>\n

I wonder if earthquakes are the cause of the misalignment?<\/p>\n

Rain washes away the soil, doesn't it? ^^<\/p>\n

This was a NEXCO project site, and I clearly remember how the consultant in charge\u2014who was working under a contract\u2014was so high-handed that we couldn\u2019t even have a proper meeting lol.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2464 When the placement area consists of rubble stone<\/strong><\/p>\n

Machi stones are the epitome of bumpy, aren't they? lol<\/p>\n

It's impossible to get the pressure plate to fit snugly against the stone wall surface just like that.<\/p>\n

Uneven joints, the curvature of the stones, gaps\u2026 It\u2019s just full of unevenness!<\/p>\n

In the case of Machi stones,Leveling is always required<\/strong>That's it.<\/p>\n

\"Pressure-Receiving<\/p>\n

\n

Which is better: mat or mortar?<\/h2>\n

Broadly speaking, methods for leveling can be categorized as follows: weather resistanceMatte-finish<\/strong>\u3068Mortar<\/strong>There is.<\/p>\n

Basically, there are no standards for the backfill behind a load-bearing slab.<\/p>\n

I'll outline the criteria for making these judgments based on my experience.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When the unevenness is 100 mm or more<\/h3>\n

If the unevenness is 100 mm or more,Mortar Spraying Worker<\/strong>That's better.<\/p>\n

There are limits to how much you can fill in with mats. It's not impossible, but I think we're close to the limit.<\/p>\n

In that case, it would be more reliable to simply create a perfectly smooth surface using mortar.<\/p>\n

It fits better on the pressure plate if you build it properly using a zabuton frame or something similar.<\/p>\n

It takes some effort, but,The level of certainty is in a league of its own<\/strong>That's it!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When the unevenness is 100 mm or less<\/h3>\n

If the thickness is 100 mm or less, a mat is often the better choice.<\/p>\n

With a mat, there's no curing period, and it's less expensive.<\/p>\n

You can use a single 100 mm mat, or you can stack several 30 mm mats as needed to achieve the right height.<\/p>\n

In terms of on-site efficiency, mats offer a speed advantage.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Criteria for Determining Whether Leveling Is Necessary or Unnecessary<\/caption>\n
Back-filling of the pressure-receiving plate<\/th>\nWhether or Not It Is Necessary<\/th>\nMortar<\/th>\nMatt<\/th>\nNotes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Framework Engineer<\/td>\nUnnecessary<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u25cb<\/td>\nThe joints should be finished with a trowel; a matte finish is acceptable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spray Applicator<\/td>\nRequired<\/td>\n\u25cb<\/td>\n\u25ce<\/td>\nIt would be even better if there were a mat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Natural Ground<\/td>\nRequired<\/td>\n\u25ce<\/td>\n\u25b3<\/td>\nWe can't level the uneven ground.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Retaining Wall<\/td>\nUnnecessary<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\nIf the surface is rough, use a mat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Machi Stone<\/td>\nRequired<\/td>\n\u25cb<\/td>\n\u25ce<\/td>\nThe paving stones are also less likely to shift.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Missing Mountain<\/td>\nRequired<\/td>\n\u25ce<\/td>\n\u00d7<\/td>\nMade using the entire surface of the pressure plate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The pouring angle is steep<\/td>\nRequired<\/td>\n\u25ce<\/td>\n\u00d7<\/td>\nAlso to adjust the angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

What I Want to Tell the Design Consultant<\/h2>\n

It is up to the consultant (designer) to determine whether grade adjustment is necessary.<\/p>\n

Let me be clear about this:Generally speaking, it's better to have grade adjustment.<\/strong>That's it.<\/p>\n

It's definitely better to have it than not to have it.<\/p>\n

That's because natural mountains aren't flat.<\/p>\n

On the drawings, you\u2019d draw the pressure plate so that it fits snugly against the slope, right?<\/p>\n

But the reality is different!<\/p>\n

The slopes of the natural terrain are full of bumps and dips.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"The mountain will sink and blend in, right?\"<\/strong>That way of thinking is dangerous.<\/p>\n

Whether a mountain sinks or not depends on the geology; if it's bedrock, it won't sink even 1 mm, lol.<\/p>\n

Whether or not you include ground leveling in the design makes a huge difference in the subsequent quality and safety of the anchors.<\/p>\n

Especially in cases where the structure is installed directly on natural ground,We strongly recommend incorporating grade adjustment into the design.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

While the contractor can submit a design change request, it\u2019s better to include it from the start so that work on-site proceeds more smoothly.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, rather than constructing without leveling and having to redo the work later when problems arise, it\u2019s better to plan for proper leveling from the very beginning.It's also inexpensive<\/strong>That's right.<\/p>\n

\"Leveling<\/p>\n

\n

Leveling the load-bearing plate is a critical step that determines the quality of ground anchor work.<\/p>\n

Instead of leaving the decision of \u201cneeded or not needed\u201d up to the people on the ground, I want you to thoroughly consider this from the design stage onward.<\/p>\n

We contractors do our best on site, but the accuracy and speed of construction can vary greatly depending on whether something is included in the design or not.<\/p>\n

An anchor is something that works behind the scenes, deep within the mountains.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s exactly why we want to make sure the load-bearing plate\u2014which is visible\u2014is installed properly.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

I've included the Excel file with the evaluation criteria in the download!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

See you later.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone. This is Enta. The other day, I wrote a post on this blog about the contact area on the underside of load-bearing plates in ground anchor construction, but this time I\u2019d like to address the question, \u201cIs it necessary to level the underside of the load-bearing plate?\u201d I get asked this quite often. Especially from construction consultants\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[28],"tags":[48,114,122,2879,5904],"class_list":["post-58319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ground-anchor","tag-48","tag-114","tag-122","tag-2879","tag-5904"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30fc\u5de5\u3000\u4e0d\u9678\u8abf\u6574\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u3000\u30e2\u30eb\u30bf\u30eb\u304b\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u304b\uff1f - 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