{"id":55752,"date":"2025-09-19T23:00:42","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T14:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/%e6%b3%95%e9%9d%a2%e5%b1%8b%e3%81%af%e7%9f%a5%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%81%a6%e6%ac%b2%e3%81%97%e3%81%84%e3%80%81%e7%8f%be%e5%a0%b4%e3%81%a7%e3%82%88%e3%81%8f%e4%bd%bf%e3%81%86%e7%b2%98%e7%9d%80-2\/"},"modified":"2026-05-16T17:05:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T08:05:09","slug":"cohesion-phi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/en\/cohesion-phi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"What Slope Engineers Should Know: A Discussion of Cohesion (c) and Angle of Internal Friction (\u03c6), Commonly Used on Construction Sites (Part 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, everyone.<\/p>\n<p>This is Enta.<\/p>\n<p>This is a continuation of my previous post.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"What Slope Engineers Should Know: A Discussion of Cohesion (c) and Angle of Internal Friction (\u03c6), Commonly Used on Construction Sites (Part 1)\" href=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/en\/cohesion-phi-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Slope Engineers Should Know: A Discussion of Cohesion (c) and Angle of Internal Friction (\u03c6), Commonly Used on Construction Sites (Part 1)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55509\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4d6e1912684e7edf660e5f589c892258-1.jpg\" alt=\"Internal friction angle \u03c6 and cohesion C\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To be honest, I haven\u2019t actually taken all of these exams myself, but I\u2019ll write about them based on what I learned in school and my experiences in the exam room.<\/p>\n<p>So please don't assume I know everything, lol (just making excuses)<\/p>\n<p>With my limited knowledge, I\u2019d like to look into this again and explain it to you all as clearly as possible ^^<\/p>\n<p>That said, it\u2019s the kind of thing where \u201cit\u2019s fine if you just know it,\u201d so feel free to skip it... lol<\/p>\n<h2>Types and Methods of Shear Strength Tests<\/h2>\n<h3>Shear Test on a Single Plate<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55516\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/6202ae2d333dd8b769093fff2d17bac8-1.jpg\" alt=\"Shear Test on a Single Plate\" width=\"600\" height=\"379\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The soil, sand, and other test specimens are placed in a container measuring 6 centimeters in diameter and 2 centimeters in height, and a vertical load is applied from above while the top of the container is moved at a constant speed.<\/p>\n<p>Record the relationship between horizontal displacement and shear stress, and the relationship between horizontal displacement and vertical displacement<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Uniaxial Compression Test \u00b7 Triaxial Compression Test<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55517\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/a0048f9db0fcc179f64c70a353d145d7-1.jpg\" alt=\"Uniaxial Compression Test\" width=\"600\" height=\"379\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Raise the lower platform at a constant rate and measure the shaft displacement as you go.<\/p>\n<p>Calculate shaft strain from shaft displacement; calculate shaft stress from shaft load<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-55518\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cb9d994c512401d4de97cb88f9886ff5-1.jpg\" alt=\"Triaxial Compression Test\" width=\"493\" height=\"461\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The triaxial test is a test in which the compression directions are increased to three.<\/p>\n<p>The procedure is the same, but the types of samples are different.<\/p>\n<p>For uniaxial testing, the material is clay or a material with greater cohesion than clay, allowing the specimen to stand on its own; for triaxial testing, the material is sand.<\/p>\n<p>Unconsolidated soil samples are tested using uniaxial compression tests.<\/p>\n<h3>Behn Test<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55519\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/a3093c30d0095ea7f7a10262a5b6a594-1.jpg\" alt=\"Behn Test\" width=\"539\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>I spin the Beyblade vigorously as I insert it into the ground.<\/p>\n<p>At that time, call for the goniometer and dynamometer at the top to take readings and record them.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"In-Situ Vane Shear Test Method JGS1411\" href=\"chrome-extension:\/\/efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj\/https:\/\/www.jiban.or.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/7b3138da23381011430e8f4027a7f183.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In-Situ Vane Shear Test Method JGS1411<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For more details, click \u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191\u2191<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>We measure the strength of the soil using the test method described above.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The values obtained here are C (C) and \u03c6 (phi).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55522\" src=\"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12cfd044c5d61fe14475b3e4a6a3d5f9-1.png\" alt=\"Clone Destruction Test\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If we express this figure as an equation,<span style=\"font-size: 150%;\">\u03c4 = C + \u03c3 tan \u03c6<\/span>\u3000This equation is called the Coulomb breakdown line.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cohesion is the force that causes soil particles to stick together due to the water surrounding them; it increases as the proportion of fine particles in the soil increases.<\/p>\n<p>\u03c6 (phi) represents the property that prevents particles from sliding against one another (friction), which is called the angle of internal friction.<\/p>\n<p>Summarizing this \"adhesive force\" and \"angle of internal friction\"<span style=\"font-size: 150%;\"><strong>Soil Strength Constants<\/strong><\/span>It is called (doshitsuj\u014ds\u016b).<\/p>\n<p>This means that as the load increases, the surface becomes less prone to slippage; therefore, the deeper you go into the natural ground, the less likely slippage is to occur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There are actually a lot of other complicated issues involved, but if you're curious, please look into them yourself lol.<\/p>\n<p>For now, I think it\u2019s good to know at least the basics.<\/p>\n<p>That's it for now, lol.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>See you later.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, everyone. This is Enta. This is a continuation of my previous post. What Slope Engineers Should Know: A Discussion of Adhesion Coefficient c and Angle of Internal Friction \u03c6, Commonly Used on Construction Sites (Part 1) I haven\u2019t actually conducted every single test myself, but I\u2019m writing this based on what I learned in school and my experiences observing tests in the lab\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[34,38],"tags":[6985,6986,6987,6988,6989,6990,6991],"class_list":["post-55752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slope-work","category-construction-management","tag-6985","tag-6986","tag-6987","tag-6988","tag-6989","tag-6990","tag-c"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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