{"id":55745,"date":"2025-09-18T23:00:10","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T14:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/%e6%b3%95%e9%9d%a2%e5%b1%8b%e3%81%af%e7%9f%a5%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%81%a6%e6%ac%b2%e3%81%97%e3%81%84%e3%80%81%e7%8f%be%e5%a0%b4%e3%81%a7%e3%82%88%e3%81%8f%e4%bd%bf%e3%81%86%e7%b2%98%e7%9d%80\/"},"modified":"2026-05-16T16:11:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T07:11:10","slug":"cohesion-phi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/en\/cohesion-phi-1\/","title":{"rendered":"What Slope Engineers Should Know: A Discussion of Cohesion (c) and Angle of Internal Friction (\u03c6), Commonly Used on Construction Sites (Part 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone.<\/p>\n

This is Enta.<\/p>\n

As I mentioned the other day, my cell phone's contact list got wiped, so I don't know most people's phone numbers lol<\/p>\n

It's a bit of a hassle, but please send me a text message or give me a call directly.<\/p>\n

Thank you in advance.<\/p>\n

\"Smartphone<\/p>\n

\n

But that's beside the point.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

We slope engineers often use the coefficient of adhesion c and the angle of internal friction \u03c6, don't we?<\/p>\n

It often appears in design calculations, and it\u2019s a term that comes up frequently when talking with designers.<\/p>\n

I guess that's a bit hard to understand, huh? lol (I think the older guy gets it, at least a little.)<\/p>\n

But knowing that makes me feel just a little bit smug, lol.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In this post, I'd like to give a brief explanation of that.<\/p>\n

However, before we get to that, you need to understand a bit about soil, so I\u2019ll start with a brief explanation.<\/p>\n

I\u2019d be at a loss if you asked me for \u201cmore details,\u201d so please just keep it brief lol<\/p>\n

The strength of the soil is<\/h2>\n

The \u201csoil\u201d we work with on-site is made up of countless . (I think I\u2019ve written about this before.)<\/p>\n

To give you an idea, it\u2019s like a state where air and water have seeped into the gaps between the soil particles.<\/p>\n

\"Cross-Section
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
http:\/\/zhang.web.nitech.ac.jp\/research.html<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

However, the soil particles are not strongly bound to one another; they merely interlock and support each other, resulting in a lack of stability.<\/p>\n

If you pull on the soil, it crumbles easily.<\/p>\n

The tensile strength of soil is practically zero.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, it can support a certain amount of weight if you place objects on it.<\/p>\n

This means it can withstand compression. This relates to the bearing capacity discussed earlier.<\/p>\n

When the Soil Breaks Apart<\/h2>\n

When soil is compacted using a load plate, rather than the particles themselves breaking apart,<\/p>\n

The soil shifts and collapses as if sliding diagonally.<\/p>\n

This is the so-called \"shear failure.\"<\/p>\n

When considering slope stability at a construction site, it is extremely important to understand this concept of \u201cshear failure.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Load-bearing<\/p>\n

The bottom of the pressure plate has bulged due to shear failure.<\/p>\n

Soil Strength Test<\/h2>\n

Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests are typical methods used to investigate shear failure conditions. They are commonly used in the field for tests related to column-based ground improvement and similar applications.<\/p>\n

We use \u201cstandard compressive strength\u201d a lot in our on-site testing, don\u2019t we? That\u2019s basically because there are so many concrete structures.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

However, in the case of soil, what we want is the strength at which shear failure occurs\u2014that is, the shear strength.<\/p>\n

That means,Shear strength is the true strength of soil<\/strong><\/span>That\u2019s how it works.
\n\"Shear<\/p>\n

Let's say there was a mountain like this.<\/p>\n

When this mountain slides, it looks like the image below. (It\u2019s a familiar sight, isn\u2019t it?)<\/p>\n

\"Shear<\/p>\n

Commonly referred to as \"mobile soil masses\" and \"stationary soil masses\"<\/p>\n

So, if the shear strength is high, it won't slip. That's the idea, lol.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

White line: Shear strength<\/p>\n

Red line: Sliding line<\/p>\n

Black line: shear stress<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

To measure this force, there are tests such as the ones listed below.<\/p>\n

\"List<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

That's all for now.<\/p>\n

Next time, we'll take a closer look at the exam.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

See you later.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone. This is Enta. As I mentioned the other day, my phone\u2019s contact list got wiped, so I don\u2019t have most of your phone numbers anymore lol. It\u2019s a bit of a hassle, but please feel free to send me a text or call me directly. Thank you for your understanding. But anyway\u2026 We\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[34,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slope-work","category-construction-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u6cd5\u9762\u5c4b\u306f\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3001\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u3046\u7c98\u7740\u529b\uff43\u3068\u5185\u90e8\u6469\u64e6\u89d2\u03c6\u306e\u8a71\u3057\uff08\u305d\u306e1\uff09 - 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