{"id":42622,"date":"2020-09-10T08:00:03","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T23:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/wordpress\/?p=42622"},"modified":"2020-09-10T00:23:44","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T15:23:44","slug":"satoshi-fujii-the-kawabe-river-dam-is-being-built-as-planned","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/norimen.net\/en\/%e3%80%90%e8%97%a4%e4%ba%95%e8%81%a1%e3%80%91%e5%b7%9d%e8%be%ba%e5%b7%9d%e3%83%80%e3%83%a0%e3%81%8c%e3%80%8c%e4%ba%88%e5%ae%9a%e9%80%9a%e3%82%8a%e3%80%8d%e4%bd%9c%e3%82%89%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84\/","title":{"rendered":"[Satoshi Fujii] If the Kawabe River Dam had been built \u201cas planned,\u201d many of the victims would have been \u201csaved\u201d (The God of Construction)"},"content":{"rendered":"

*This article is based on content originally published in the July 11 issue of the email newsletter \u201cTakaaki Mitsuhashi\u2019s \u2018New\u2019 Keisei Kaimin Shimbun,\u201d and has been edited with the author\u2019s permission and additional contributions.<\/p>\n

\"Satoshi<\/p>\n

The Kuma River Breach That Caused Extensive Damage<\/h2>\n

The \u201cJuly 2020 Heavy Rains,\u201d caused by the stalled rainy season front over the Japanese archipelago, have caused various types of damage across the country. Among the areas affected, Kumamoto suffered particularly severe damage.This Article<\/a>According to reports, the death toll in Kumamoto Prefecture stands at 55, with 9 people still missing (Editor\u2019s note: as of July 9). The reason the damage in Kumamoto has been so extensive is that the Kuma River experienced numerous floods and two breaches in its banks.<\/p>\n

The Kuma River receives a large volume of water from numerous tributaries, yet its riverbed is narrow, and it is ranked as one of \u201cJapan\u2019s Three Great Rapids.\u201d With such a fast current, it is only natural that during heavy rains, it becomes a \u201cwild river\u201d prone to flooding. Consequently, all the river engineers were, unfortunately, well aware of the fact that the risk of a major flood like the one that occurred this time was extremely high.<\/p>\n

That is why engineers have held numerous discussions regarding \u201cflood control measures\u201d for the Kuma River and have continued to urge the government to implement prompt countermeasures. Throughout this process, the \u201cconstruction of the Kawabe River Dam\u201d has been the one measure that engineers have consistently advocated as virtually the only realistic solution.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

To prevent the Kuma River from bursting its banks, the Kawabe River Dam Project has been underway for 40 years.<\/h2>\n

According to preliminary technical assessments, it was already known that the \u201cHitoyoshi\u201d area\u2014where the breach occurred this time\u2014was the most vulnerable point along the Kuma River; calculations had shown that, to prevent flooding there, the river\u2019s flow would have to be reduced by at least \u201cthree-sevenths,\u201d or 43 percent.<\/p>\n

The most effective and practical solution to this problem was the construction of the \u201cKawabe River Dam.\u201d Other measures considered included \u201cbuilding a diversion channel\u201d (that is, digging another river to distribute the water) and \u201cconstructing a flood detention basin\u201d (building a large pond instead of a dam). However, it was determined that these alternatives would entail additional construction time and costs, leading to the conclusion that building the dam was the most practical solution.<\/p>\n

As a result of these developments, the Kawabe River Dam project began in 1966 and, as of 2008, was approximately 70 percent complete.<\/p>\n

Under pressure from public opinion advocating that \"dams are unnecessary,\" the dam project was canceled, and no follow-up measures were taken.<\/h2>\n

However, around the turn of the 21st century, public opposition to public works projects\u2014particularly dams\u2014began to sweep across Japan (despite the sense of urgency regarding local flood risks).<\/p>\n

Ikuo Kabashima, the current governor of Kumamoto Prefecture\u2014who was elected amid that atmosphere\u2014went on to declare his opposition to the dam, citing the protection of the natural environment and other reasons. Furthermore, under the Democratic Party of Japan administration, which championed the slogan \u201cFrom Concrete to People,\u201d the construction project was halted in 2008, along with the Yamba Dam project.<\/p>\n

In other words, the Kawabe River Dam project\u2014which had been underway since 1966 and was about 70 percent complete after more than 40 years, aimed at protecting the lives and property of people living along the Kuma River, primarily in Hitoyoshi City\u2014was ultimately scrapped due to the prevailing sentiment at the time that \u201cdams are a waste of money.\u201d<\/p>\n

At that point, it could already be said\u2014regrettably\u2014that a major flood like the one we are experiencing now, caused by the breach of the Kuma River, was all but inevitable. After all, if the Kawabe River Dam project had not been canceled in 2008, it would have been completed by 2017 (with a budget of 110 billion yen).<\/p>\n

On the other hand, it is estimated that the floodway would require a budget of 820 billion yen and take as long as 45 years to complete. As for the flood detention basin, it is expected to cost 1.2 trillion yen and take more than 100 years to complete. In other words, neither the diversion channel nor the flood detention basin was by any means a \u201crealistic\u201d solution. Consequently, there was no way the government could have approved such projects, and the reality is that construction has not even begun.<\/p>\n

In other words, the reality is that in the 12 years since the dam project was canceled, no \u201cfundamental\u201d measures to prevent a breach of the Kuma River have been taken, and we have arrived at this point today. Since, as the engineers had concluded from the outset, there were no realistic solutions other than the dam, we must acknowledge that this outcome was inevitable once the dam project was canceled.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why, even back then, all of us engineers thought, \u201dCanceling the dam project under these circumstances is tantamount to telling the people living along the Kuma River, \u201dIf heavy rains come, there could be a major flood that might cost lives, but we want you to just accept that as a fact of life!\u2019\u201d And that is exactly what happened in this recent major flood. It is truly heartbreaking.<\/p>\n

\"Yamba in the East, Kawabe River in the West\": The Choice That Determined Their Fates<\/h2>\n

It was the Democratic Party of Japan, which was in power at the time, that ultimately canceled the construction of the Kawabe River Dam. At that time, the phrase \u201cYamba in the East, Kawabe River in the West\u201d was frequently cited as a prime example of wasteful spending. Although construction on both projects was halted, the Yamba Dam\u2014fortunately\u2014saw construction resume under the Democratic Party administration and began operations last October.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, it played a major role in preventing the unprecedented flooding of the Kanto Plain caused by Typhoon No. 19, which struck just over 10 days later. Therefore, if the Kawabe River Dam had not been suspended at that time, it would likely have played a major role in preventing the recent massive flooding in the Kuma River area.<\/p>\n

There is already a dam on the Kuma River called the Ichibusa Dam, but its flood control capacity is only about 10 percent that of the Kawabe River Dam. Therefore, the Kawabe River Dam was indeed indispensable for flood control. Of course, it might have been difficult to prevent all the flooding caused by this torrential rain, which was described as the heaviest on record.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, it is clear that damming such a large volume of water upstream would have significantly reduced the damage. Moreover, the worst-case scenario\u2014the \u201cbreaches\u201d that occurred at two locations this time\u2014could very likely have been avoided.<\/p>\n

In other words, if only the Kawabe River Dam had been in place, it would undoubtedly have significantly reduced the flooding, prevented the dam from bursting, and avoided such a high death toll.<\/p>\n

In other words, within the context of so-called \u201cpopulist politics,\u201d political decisions made in the wake of the prevailing \u201cpublic sentiment\u201d of the moment\u2014without due technical consideration\u2014can sometimes lead to consequences that claim the lives of so many people and completely destroy an entire city.<\/p>\n

In light of this, I urge officials in Kumamoto Prefecture and the national government to sincerely consider what steps must be taken moving forward\u2014with a firm resolve to ensure that this tragic history is never repeated\u2014and to implement countermeasures as quickly as possible. No matter how much we may regret it after even more lives are lost in the next torrential rain, it will inevitably be too late.<\/p>\n

Public works projects, which take many years to complete, are often labeled as \u201cwasteful.\u201d Consequently, there have been numerous tragedies surrounding public works projects, such as the recent \u201cKawabe River Dam\u201d incident. Japan\u2019s future cannot be realized unless we overcome each of these tragedies one by one.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>
The God of Construction | A New Era in Construction Media<\/div>
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The God of Construction | A New Era in Construction Media<\/div>
https:\/\/sekokan-navi.jp\/magazine\/<\/div>
\"The God of Construction\" is a new-generation construction media outlet that addresses the real-world challenges faced by construction engineers from the perspective of \"failure.\"<\/div><\/div>
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 <\/p>\n

P.S.: Actually, the first construction project I worked on after starting my career was the road construction around the Kawabe River Dam project.<\/p>\n

Since it was my first construction project, I remember it very clearly.<\/p>\n

After all, people are creatures who sometimes make mistakes.<\/p>\n

I'm hoping things will get back to normal.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

*This article is based on content originally published in the newsletter \u201cTakaaki Mitsuhashi\u2019s \u2018New\u2019 Keisei-Kaimin Shimbun\u201d (July 11) and has been edited with the author\u2019s permission and additional input. The Kuma River Breach That Caused Widespread Damage: The \u201cJuly 2020 Heavy Rains,\u201d caused by the stalled rainy season front over the Japanese archipelago, brought various impacts across the nation\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1231],"tags":[1246],"class_list":["post-42622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1231","tag-1246"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u3010\u85e4\u4e95\u8061\u3011\u5ddd\u8fba\u5ddd\u30c0\u30e0\u304c\u300c\u4e88\u5b9a\u901a\u308a\u300d\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6b7b\u8005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u300c\u6551\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306f\u305a\u3060\uff08\u65bd\u5de5\u306e\u795e\u69d8\uff09 - 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